A History of Catholicism and Tobacco

In 1873, the poor Confederate veterans Chiswell Langhorne (left) moved his family from Lynchburg to Danville, Virginia, and began to look for a job. Danville tobacco warehouse owner has recently developed a new system of tobacco auction: Instead of tobacco farmers barrels selected for interested buyers, owner of tobacco was all set out in long rows for auction. Langhorne, a lively character, with a taste for show, had the idea that he would make his mark once in the newly thriving tobacco trade Danville. He was an Episcopalian, but during a visit to a Catholic friend in Richmond at the time he attended Mass with him one Sunday morning, and to hear Gregorian chant priest. Langhorne "decided that maybe he could put the home entertainment needs of storekeepers, imitating stimulating singing priest, along with the fact that he later came up with," drum "and" devour Hook, "which will encourage customers and please collect the public." He added his rhythmic body language and thus created a fast-paced and entertaining auction chant, which allowed customers moving along several tobaccos rapid development track sales. He served in Langhorne good as it has generations of tobacco auctions, which came after him, each one adding their own style. After the success of the auction brought Langhorne some money, he began to invest in railways, transport tobacco from Danville, left the auction business, and eventually made a fortune, allowing his family to move to the estate near Charlottesville and work himself back in the Virginia aristocracy. His daughter Irene married illustrator Charles Dana Gibson and became a model for his drawings Gibson girl, and his daughter, Nancy married Waldorf Astor in England, was elected to Parliament, converted from the Episcopal Church of Christian Science, and was viciously anti-Catholic, despite the fact that, as we say, the success of her family wound back as the turn of tobacco, her father heard Gregorian chant on Sunday at high Mass. (right: Danville auction warehouse postcard, 1946) Former Fumo Dare Lucem At that time, just after the Spanish explorers introduced tobacco by Columbus Travel, smoking or snuff it-like natives of the New World, nothing was carrying something in the air hell, because the natives saw him as a connection to the unseen spirits. For some of the most important mission of the clergy, their wreaths of smoke and its effect on the spirit of those who imbibed it was a kind of parody of the sacramental mysteries of the Church, established in the New World before the devil in order to prevent his evangelization. (Left: Les femurs and other le-priseurs New York Public Library) By 1575, the provincial councils in the New World have had to consider the fact that the Indians convert to Catholicism, led the practice of smoking in the church during the liturgy, tobacco smoke, in their traditions, and summoned spirits. They offered to smoke as incense, or mixed with other spices. Mexican church authorities have banned smoking in the Church in America In 1583 the synod in Lima said that "it is forbidden under pain of eternal damnation for the priests of the administration of the sacraments, or to take the smoke sayri, or tobacco in his mouth, or the powder of tobacco on the nose, even under the guise of medicine before the service the masses. "In 1588, the College of Cardinals in Rome approved the ban, as applied in the Spanish colonies in America. But the problem is not confined to America. Tobacco use is prohibited, snuffs, and chewing, very quickly distributed throughout the Old World, too. And spread both among the laity and clergy. The point is misleading: There is no shortage of people who hated tobacco, as unhealthy, dirty, eat, and even sinful, but there were also many people who pointed to its advantages, its calming effect, large and small pleasures in its use, it ability to promote sociability (perhaps to welcome the world peoples, the international brotherhood of smoke), and even (in the case of nasal snuff) their medical effectiveness as a way to clear the sinuses, causing a head-blowing. However, the use of tobacco in the church quickly emerged in Europe as it was in New Spain, and it was linked to the question of sacrilege during Mass one Sunday in Naples, the priest during the celebration of Mass sniff nasal snuff only after Holy Communion. It seems that he was not experienced snuffer, because he fell into a fit of sneezing, which caused him to vomit the Blessed Sacrament on the altar in front of his horrified congregation. (Right: "Three Inseparables," 111 cigarettes ad, 1921) As tobacco is spread through Europe, the Catholic clergy, the church has focused on its invasion of the church. What was anathema was not using it as such, and its use before or during the liturgy. And especially the clergy, who were to maintain absolute cleanliness and purity of the altar, liturgical vestments, and arms, which were consecration Host. Tobacco smoke is not equal incense. Pope Urban VIII, on January 30, 1642 issued a bull semen Ecclesiae, in which he responded to the complaints of the Dean of the Cathedral of Seville, declaring that any taking of tobacco through the mouth or nose, or in large chunks, shredded, dried, or smoked in a pipe, Church in the Diocese of Seville, will receive a sentence of excommunication sentential tensor wide. The reason for the ban, he explained that for the protection of the Mass and the church of evil. In Seville, the bad habits of tobacco grown so much, he said, that men and women, clergy and laity, "or while they perform their services in the choir and the altar, and while they listened to the Mass and the Divine Office, [who] were not at the same time and with great disrespect, tobacco, and with offensive feces sullying the altar, holy sites and places of the churches of the Diocese of sidewalks that "Some priests, apparently, was not. going so far as to post-box on the altar while they were talking, Mass. This ban has caused a huge number of urban (Urban?) Legends for centuries, aggravated by bad rumor and attribution-some of it as a worldwide ban on the use of tobacco, some attributed it incorrectly or dad gave the wrong date, and some of them even say that the Pope forbade the use of tobacco, because he whimsically thought sneezing that tobacco caused resembled sexual ecstasy, which was out of place in the church. (Hey, Mr. Papa Keep your rosaries out of our nose Aries!) Recently, gray legend became so worn and flow erosion, poor Pope Urban VIII was even accused of trying to prevent the unlikely madness sneezing, full stop. In 1650, eight years after the bull Urban VIII, Innocent X founded the same penalty for the use of tobacco in the chapels, the sacristy and the porch arch basilica St. John Lateran and St. Peter's in Rome, on the grounds that He spent a lot of time, talent and money embellishing them, setting precious beads and jewelry on the floor of the chapel with bas-reliefs, and he did not want them stained with the juice of tobacco smoke. Innocent XI was later confirmed by a bull. By 1685, some theologians were debating whether Urban VIII and Innocent X bulls could be implicitly understood to refer to the Universal Church, and, if so, they wondered how it applies to all the property of the church (not just the sanctuary and the sacristy, some asked whether the priest was included). Although Benedict XIII (tobacco, originating itself) reinforced the need to keep tobacco out of the altar and the tabernacle, in 1725 he abolished the penalty of excommunication for smoking in St. Peter, because he recognized that parishioners often escapes from the Mass for a while to catch a smoke or snuff, and he decided that it was better for them to stay inside and not to destroy or disrupt the liturgy or miss part of it.

Lawyers spar in court

It was controversial at the last day to testify for the woman who says she gave it, the prison guard pouches packed with drugs to bring the prisoners in a correctional center of Regina. Laura Reynolds, the sixth day of testimony in a jury trial Brent Taylor, Miles, 50, was littered with legal protest and the decision of Justice Eugene Scheibel on what was and was not appropriate or misleading. When the judge asked Reynolds can be dismissed when issues ended Friday, attorney James Korpan said: "I think it was enough." During cross-examination earlier this week, Reynolds testified that she never discussed with Taylor, the content-filled pouches of drugs he had taken from his home for prisoners Sanford Brass, and Kevin Lee Stonechild. She said she assumed that he knew that the bags are held. In redirecting the Crown prosecutor Doug Curliss, Reynolds told the court about a conversation with Taylor in which he claimed that he was once stopped by police for traffic after checking the house, the officers reportedly called a "drug house." "He (Taylor) said that he did not know whether drugs in packages," Reynolds has shown, adding that he came into the house to pick up the package is about 10 times or more after that. She said she heard about the traffic stop on both Taylor and brass, and the conversation with the accused has been about 2008 or 2009. "It was so long ago now," she added. "He still came and took the bag ... and he does everything right, and while August or September of '09," she said. Allowed a limited re-examination, Korpan said that when Reynolds revealed earlier this week, and asked what she knew to stop the movement came from the brass, she replied: "Yes." She then said that she and Taylor are not talking about drugs in the package - "He never came up." "It was so long ago," Reynolds told the court on Friday. "I know, I had a conversation with him. When they were, I can not tell you," she said, concluding her testimony. Taylor on the court 15 charges arising from investigations into the alleged smuggling of drugs into the prison Regina, where he worked as a guard in 1987. Most of the crimes allegedly occurred between January 1, 2007 and February 27, 2010. Two charges in an attempt to obstruct justice and violation of conditions of release by contacting the witness for the prosecution Reynolds allegedly took place January 5, 2011. Seven women and five men of the jury heard eight days of evidence. "You've worked hard," Scheibel said in a dismissal of the jury a long weekend. On Tuesday, Curliss is expected to call its final witness, a woman who claims she was the first to give a drug-filled bags Taylor tobacco. A court order prohibits identification of women. In the video, played this week, Taylor, when questioned RCMP, which has repeatedly denied drugs in jail, saying that he delivered tobacco brass and Taylor on several occasions. He also denied receiving money for it. The Court considered the tobacco smuggling is also considered a smoking prison.

British American Tobacco earnings rise

British American Tobacco (BAT, BTI) reported 4% growth in revenue at constant exchange rates for the nine months ended September 2012, despite the decline in the group. Revenue growth was driven by continued good price. Revenue decreased by 1%, the negative impact of the exchange rate and organic revenue growth in constant currency by 3%, the joint many said. Releasing her Interim Management on Wednesday, BAT said group volumes declined, after a low Q3, mainly due to decline in heavy industry and the comparator, although the effect is expected to moderate in Q4. Group volumes from subsidiaries were 517 billion, up 1.2%, while organic volumes were 1.8% lower as a result of decline in the industry and use in the comparative period of time increase the volume of sales in Japan. Industry volume was down in Brazil as a result of a significant increase in excise duty which led to an increase in illegal trade. The benefit for the group of volumes from the acquisition of protease in Colombia and increased sales in Bangladesh, Vietnam, Pakistan and the Gulf countries, was more than offset by a reduction in Brazil, Japan, Italy, Turkey and Egypt. Basic market share grew with strong performances in most of the top 40 markets. Chief Executive Nicandro Durante said the economic recovery remains fragile in this year and trading conditions remain difficult in many parts of the world. "However, prices remain high, we are growing major market share and our Global Brands Drive to continue to perform well. Trading activity of the Group is good and we are on track for another year of good earnings growth." BAT noted that the four Global Brands Drive continued their good performance and achieved overall volume growth of 3 percent. Kent was up slightly, growing in Russia, Ukraine and Azerbaijan, but nearly offset by a decline in Japan. Dunhill was 2 percent higher than last year, with good performances in the Gulf countries, South Africa, Romania and Indonesia, partly offset by the negative impact of competitive pricing in the activities of South Korea. Good performances in Pakistan, Romania, Russia and Canada, partially offset by lower volumes in Chile, Spain and Italy, contributed 2 percent increase Pall Mall. Lucky Strike has grown by 14 percent after a good growth in Poland, Germany, France, South Korea, Argentina and Chile. Other tobacco products are made very well, and market share grew strongly. Volume grew 8 percent to 10,739 tons Fine Cut in Western Europe, mainly in Germany, France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. Pall Mall is the largest fine Cut brand in Western Europe. Looking ahead, the group said, the environment continues to be challenging, with industry volumes under pressure. In these conditions, the expansion of the illegal trade remains a threat, driven by excise increases and pressure on disposable income of consumers. BAT said it resumed market share repurchase programmed end of February 2012. In the nine months to September 2012, 30 million shares were purchased for a total of GBP978 million, excluding transaction costs.